Hanaq Pachap means “land of above” or “heaven” in Quechua, the language of the Inca. The Quechua word that defines heaven as a sacred place also serves as a thread that weaves through the devotional works created by the indigenous guilds of Viceregal Peru, providing windows into the religious practices that emerged after the Spanish conquest and reconfigured European visual sources to reflect a new form of Indigenous Catholicism.